journal 12+13+14
here is 3 weeks ppt and reading, you should to help me write down 3 journals for separate and total for 3 pages. each journal need one or more reference.Week 12 War and Social Change
April 10 The Good War
April 12 Containment, Dominoes, and Camptowns
Readings: Okihiro, American History Unbound, chap. 11.
John Dower, War Without Mercy, (Pantheon, 1986), 147-180.
Cindy I-Fen Cheng, Citizens of Asian America(NYU Press, 2013), 85-116.
Ji-Yeon Yuh, In the Shadow of Camptown (NYU Press, 2002), 9-41.
last week for rewrites, by Friday, April 20Week 13 Civil Rights, Social Revolution
April 17 Cold War Civil Rights
8
April 19 Social Movements and Campus Radicals
Readings: Okihiro, American History Unbound, chap. 12.
Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights (Princeton University Press, 2000), 47-78.
Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter From A Birmingham Jail, 16 April 1963.
Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have A Dream, 28 August 1963.
Donna Britt, A white mother went to Alabama to fight for civil rights. The Klan killed
her for it, Washington Post, December 15, 2017Week 14 Global Asian / Americans
April 24 film: American Revolutionary
April 26 New Immigrants, New Communities
Readings: Okihiro, American History Unbound, chap. 13.
Glenn Omatsu, The Four Prison and the Movements of Liberation: Asian American
Activism from the 1960s to the 1990s, in Karin Aguilar-San Juan, ed., The State of
Asian America(South End Press, 1994), 19-69.
Chris Iijima, JoAnne Nobuko Miyamoto, William Charlie Chin, A Grain of Sand
(1973 Paredon recording,sample songs here).
_12_good_war_cold_war.pdf
_17_cold_war_civil_rights.pdf
_19_social_movements_campus_radicals.pdf
_26_new_immigrants_new_communities.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
The Good War
Week 12: War and Social Change
announcements
paper re-writes, until April 27 (changed)
final project (handouts on Blackboard)
final exam (short answer list on Blackboard)
film: Rabbit in the Moon (can be streamed from library catalog)
questions?
question(s) for the day
when did World War II begin?
1941
1939
1937
World War II
when we think/remember WWII began:
reveals where we think it was fought, who it affected, and what we make of it:
1. 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
2. 1939 German invasion of Poland
3. 1937 Japanese military incursions into China
question(s) for the day
how many people died in World War II?
1,000,000
5,000,000
10,000,000
25,000,000
50,000,000
75,000,000
World War II
deaths in World War II
Europe
Soviet Union 20,000,000+
Jews and others in death camps 6,000,000
Germans 5,600,000
Poles (not counting Polish Jews) 3,000,000
Yugoslavia 1,6000,000
West (combined) 2,000,000
Austria, Britain, France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, United States
each, about 250,000 to 350,000 deaths
World War II
deaths in World War II
Asia
China 15,000,000
Indonesia 4,000,000+
Japan 2,500,000
Vietnam 1,000,000
India 180,000 + Bengal famine (1,500,000)
Philippines 120,000
Korea 70,000
Australia 30,000 + (10,000 New Zealand)
World War II deaths
World War II
World War II and race
pre-WW II, racial citizens are impossible subjects because the
requirements of race and citizen contradicted one another
J-A internment (and other internments) epitomized these
contradictions
conduct of World War II redefined American and global perceptions:
of individual countries
of colonialism and empire
of industrialism
of race, ethnicity, and nation
where we were before . . .
nation empire family citizenship
Asian migrants position within American territorial/industrial expansion
American territorial expansion
nation and nationalism
overseas (insular) territories / empire
family, community, and race
citizenship
racial naturalization/denaturalization
marriage expatriation/repatriation
nativism and exclusion
Takao Ozawa,
Japanese, not white
nativism and exclusion
Bhagat Singh Thind,
Sikh/Indian
white, then not white
nativism and exclusion
Tatos Cartozian,
Armenian, white
nativism and exclusion
racial eligibility for citizenship and property/land laws
alien land laws prohibited aliens ineligible for citizenship from
owning land, property, businesses, or forming corporations
Oregon (1859), California (1879 revision), and Washington
(1899) state constitutions
1913 California
1920s California, Oregon, Washington, Texas, Arizona,
Louisiana, New Mexico, Idaho, Montana, Kansas, Arkansas
other states: Wyoming, Minnesota, Nebraska, Florida
nativism and exclusion
impossible subjects
alien land laws institutionalize racial discrimination based on
naturalization
marriage and citizenship: expatriation and denaturalization
citizenship and military service: WWI veterans
as aliens ineligible for citizenship, Asian Americans were
impossible subjects with the United States
racial difference versus
democratic citizenship
exclusion and citizenship
naturalization, race, and gender
marriage and citizenship
Expatriation Act (1906)
Cable Act (1922)
various amendments allowing for repatriation (1930s)
marriage and citizenship
what if you married an alien ineligible for citizenship (nonwhite)?
what if that eligibility (whiteness) changed because of court
decisions?
exclusion and citizenship
naturalization, race, and gender
marriage and citizenship
racial ineligibility for naturalized citizenship affected more than
Asian immigrants
native-born women
white women
Asian American women
children and family
margins and mainstreams
Asian / Asiatic differences
within excluded racial category, Asiatics, important differences still
remained, particularly for groups at the margins
Asia
South Asia (colonial vs. anti-colonial; religious differences)
Koreans (subsumed under Japanese)
Southeast Asia (European colonization)
American insular territories
Philippines, Guam, and American Samoa
not aliens, eventually were considered nationals (but still racial)
Pacific Islanders (derogatory term: kanaka)
nativism and exclusion
Asiatic exclusion
Asiatic exclusion extends Chinese exclusion to other Asiatics
1907-8 Gentlemens Agreement (Japanese/Koreans)
1917 Immigration Act (Asiatic Barred Zone)
1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration and Nationality Act (aliens
ineligible for citizenship)
1933 Tydings-McDuffie Act
1940 Nationality Act
1952 Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act)
nativism and exclusion
impossible subjects
Takao Ozawa dies in 1936 without citizenship
Bhagat Singh Thind and Hidemitsu Toyota regain citizenship in 1935
because of Nye-Lea Act
Hidemitsu Harry Toyota moves to Los Angeles in the 1930s; is
interned during WWII
Takuji Yamashita is interned, later repatriates to Japan where he dies
Wong Kim Ark also returned to China, where he died
World War II
Japanese American internment
put into effect by Executive Order 9066, February 1942
curfews instituted
120,000 evacuated from western regions
first to assembly centers
then to war relocation centers (internment camps)
beginning in 1944, programs for release
although most had left camps by the end of WWII, some were
interned as late as 1947
World War II
Japanese American internment
Japanese from other countries also brought to the United States for
internment
mostly from Latin America, particularly Peru
Dept. of Justice camps
Canada also interned Japanese Canadians
later redress and reparations movement in the 1960s and 70s
Assembly Centers
War Relocation Centers
other camps and centers
World War II
racial segregation in the military
combat units
African American and Japanese American units were segregated
from white units
white units were made up of different ethnic groups (The House I
Live In)
medical units/protocol
Geneva conventions applied to enemy, but not to segregated
troops
blood supplies were also segregated
World War II
racial segregation in the military
combat theaters
Japanese American troops
fought in Europe (not in Pacific theatre)
front-line troops
most decorated in American military history
most casualties in American military history
liberated some of the German death camps
World War II
the Good War
United States was:
the arsenal of democracy
liberated the world from the tyranny of facism/authoritarianism
rid the world of evil (Hitler/Japanese)
The House I Live In
World War II
war and social change
revisions and reform of Asian exclusion policies
1940 Nationality Act
1943 Magnuson Act
1946 Luce-Celler Act
1952 Immigration and Naturalization Act (McCarran-Walter Act)
1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act (Hart-Celler Act)
World War II
war and social change
war brides and family reunification
1945 War Brides Act
1946 Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act
1946 Chinese War Brides Act
1950 Act on Alien Spouses and Children
global developments
the Cold War
Soviet expansion, Warsaw Pact
U.S. foreign policy
containment
domino theory
wars/conflicts in Asia
U.S. hegemony
economic advantages (Bretton Woods)
military advantages
global developments
Good War, Cold War, and colonization
break up of European empires
decolonization
Africa
Asia (partition of India)
negotiation of Cold War politics
Europe
NATO
Warsaw Pact
EU
former colonies
global decolonization
global decolonization
global developments
First, Second, and Third Worlds
First World: U.S./NATO and allies
Second World: Soviet Union, China, Warsaw Pact
Third World:
Nehru and Nasser
non-aligned nations
First, Second, Third Worlds
world economy
world economy
1 CE
1500 CE
1900 CE
1960 CE
global developments
changes in Asian/American relations
wars/military presence (camptowns)
economic/political shifts
civil rights movements
military brides/family reunification become new concern and
focus for immigration policy and foreign relations
nativism and exclusion
Wong Kim Ark, again
nativism and exclusion
Wong Kim Ark, again
Born an American citizen, he eventually returned to China where he died and
is buried. He never shared his story with his family there. Some of his
descendants eventually immigrated to the United States where they only later
learned of his significance, not only to their family, but to all Americans, their
citizenship, and civil rights.
Cold War Civil Rights
Week 13: Civil Rights and Social Revolution
announcements
paper re-writes, until April 27 (changed)
extra credit: Saiba Varma talk, Bonds of Love, April 27, 3:30pm-5pm
final project (handouts on Blackboard)
https://goo.gl/forms/VdVCI0Tc4iJYmCCX2 (WWI link)
https://goo.gl/forms/1KDTG4QArjizJb9X2 (picture bride link)
final exam (short answer list on Blackboard)
questions?
question of the day:
do you recognize this film star?
question of the day:
Sessue Hayakawa
Japanese American immigrant
early 20th century silent film star
career expresses the trajectory
of Asian American film
representation
question of the day
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Cold War Civil Rights
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
was one of many African American artistic performance companies to
tour the world under government sponsorship in the 1950s and
60s
its founder, Alvin Ailey, was born in segregated Texas in the 1930s his
mother was raped by a group of whites when he was 5.
relocated to California; introduced to dance by Lester Horton; founded
AAADT in 1958, a few years after Hortons death
the companys signature piece, Revelations, is believed to be the most
performed modern dance performance, traces African American
culture from slavery to freedom
Cold War Civil Rights
performing American culture abroad
African American performers and companies like AADT, Dizzy Gillespie,
and Louis Armstrong performed on more than one level:
individual performances expressed the state of American culture and
arts
tours represented the state of American democratic values during the
Cold War
racial and multi-cultural plurality and acceptance within the context of
global competition for Third World support
paradigm shift in American race relations and racial formation, including
American relations with Asia and about Asian Americans
where we were before . . .
Asiatic exclusion
Asian migrants position within American nation
American territorial expansion
nation and nationalism
overseas (insular) territories / empire
Chinese exclusion
Asiatic exclusion
immigration and naturalization (citizenship)
racial subjects were impossible subjects
World War II
World War II and race
pre-WW II, racial citizens are impossible subjects because the
requirements of race and citizen contradicted one another
JA internment (and other internments) epitomized these
contradictions
conduct of World War II redefined American and global perceptions:
of individual countries
of colonialism and empire
of industrialism
of race, ethnicity, and nation
World War II
the Good War
United States was:
the arsenal of democracy
liberated the world from the tyranny of facism/authoritarianism
rid the world of evil (Hitler/Japanese)
The House I Live In (Frank Sinatra WWII short film)
World War II
racial segregation in the military
combat units
African American and Japanese American units were segregated
from white units
white units were made up of different ethnic groups (The House
I Live In)
medical units/protocol
Geneva conventions applied to enemy, but not to segregated
troops
blood supplies were also segregated
World War II
racial segregation in the military
combat theaters
Japanese American troops
fought in Europe (not in Pacific theatre)
front-line troops
most decorated in American military history
most casualties in American military history
liberated some of the German death camps
World War II and after
war and social change
revisions and reform of Asian exclusion policies
1940 Nationality Act
1943 Magnuson Act
1946 Luce-Celler Act
1952 Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act)
1965 Immigration Act (Hart-Celler Act)
World War II
war and social change
war brides and family reunification
1945 War Brides Act
1946 Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act
1946 Chinese War Brides Act
1950 Act on Alien Spouses and Children
World War II
war and social change
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
part of United Nations charter
included language about race and racism
formulation debated by all participants
applied in U.S. courts and cases against racial laws, including
alien land laws (Fujii v. California)
global developments
the Cold War
Soviet expansion, Warsaw Pact
U.S. foreign policy
containment
domino theory
wars/conflicts in Asia
U.S. hegemony
economic advantages (Bretton Woods)
military advantages
global developments
the Cold War
Soviet expansion, Warsaw Pact
U.S. foreign policy
containment
domino theory
wars/conflicts in Asia
U.S. hegemony
economic advantages (Bretton Woods)
military advantages
global developments
Good War, Cold War, and colonization
break of European empires
decolonization
Africa
Asia (partition of India)
negotiation of Cold War politics
Europe
NATO
Warsaw Pact
EU
former colonies
global decolonization
global decolonization
global developments
First, Second, and Third Worlds
First World: U.S./NATO and allies
Second World: Soviet Union, China, Warsaw Pact
Third World:
the term referred to political non-alignment, not to economic
underdevelopment
Nehru (India) and Nasser (Egypt)
First, Second, Third Worlds
world economy
world economy
1 CE
1500 CE
1900 CE
1960 CE
global developments
changes in Asian/American relations
wars/military presence (camptowns)
economic/political shifts
military brides/family reunification become new concern and
focus for immigration policy and foreign relations
connected to domestic civil rights movements in the 1950s and 60s
and global Cold War context
Montgomery, AL bus boycott
Montgomery, AL bus boycott
Ralph Abernathy
Hope Street Church
Bell Street Church, January 10, 1957
Cold War Civil Rights
the civil rights movement
Brown v. Board of Education (1954 Supreme Court decision)
overturned separate but equal basis for segregation from
Plessy v. Ferguson
separate is inherently unequal
inspired broader social movement for civil rights: equal legal rights
mass social movement
Cold War Civil Rights
the civil rights movement
mass social movement
political protests
civil disobedience
boycott of public transportation and accommodations (private
rights had been gained in 19th century with emancipation)
comparative social contrasts in an era of widespread and
expanded affluence
Cold War Civil Rights
the civil rights movement
mass social movement
school integration
local bus boycotts
lunch counter boycotts (Kresges was renamed K-Mart)
broader, coordinated efforts
voter registration drives
Freedom Rides/Freedom Summers
March on Washington
Selma March
Asian Americans and civil rights
Mary (Yuri) and Bill Kochiyama
Japanese American couple
Asian Americans and civil rights
Mary (Yuri) Kochiyama
in WWII internment camp
Asian Americans and civil rights
Yuri Kochiyama
became community organizer/
political activist for many causes
beginning in the 1960s
anti-war activist (photo)
Asian Americans and civil rights
Yuri Kochiyama
became community organizer/
political activist for many causes
beginning in the 1960s
close associate of Malcolm X
joined Nation of Islam
Asian Americans in film/media
Sessue Hayakawa
Japanese American immigrant
early 20th century silent film star
career expresses the trajectory
of Asian American film
representation
Asian Americans in film/media
Sessue Hayakawa
Japanese American immigrant
early 20th century silent film star
career expresses the trajectory
of Asian American film
representation
Asian Americans in film/media
Sessue Hayakawa
later career played Japanese
characters
Bridge over the River Kwai
(1957)
social movements, global context
global hotspots (Cold War)
Europe (NATO/Warsaw Pact)
Middle East (Israel/Arab nations/Iran)
Asia
Korea
Vietnam
South Asia
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
social movements, global context
legislative reforms
civil rights
1964 Civil Rights Act
1965 Voting Rights Act
1965 Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-Celler Act)
1968 Civil Rights Act
Title VIII, Fair Housing Act
Indian Civil Rights Act
social movements, global context
legislative reforms
Great Society
1964 Civil Rights Act
1965 Medicare and Medicaid (Title XVIII, Social Security Act)
1964 Economic Opportunity Act (War on Poverty)
1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act
arts, humanities, environment, consumer protections
social movements, global context
social movements
civil rights movement
free speech movement (Berkeley)
anti-war movement
womens movement (second-wave feminism)
sexual revolution
gay rights movement
social movements, global context
social movements
ethnic/national movements
FBI/ConintelPro
Third World solidarity
Maoism
anti-colonialism
ethnic studies student movements
global/domestic contexts for change
cold war and social change: comparisons
1952 Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act)
removed racial, gender, and marriage requirements for
naturalization (for citizenship)
redefined Asiatic Barred Zone as Asia-Pacific Triangle
did not change immigration quotas significantly
instituted blacklist of suspected Communists
global/domestic contexts for change
cold war and social change: comparisons
1965 Immigration Act (Hart-Celler Act)
changed immigration quota system
from 1924 national quota system
to equal quotas for nations (within hemispheric quotas)
Western hemisphere has quotas for the first time
instituted preference systems for
family reunification
specific job/employment sectors (medicine/engineering)
passed with assurances that the changes would not result in actual
changes in immigration, demographically (by nation/race)
social movements, global context
new Asian migrations
areas of Asian/American/third world con …
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